Human Growth and Development

For a diagnosis of MDD, symptoms must last for at least two weeks and seriously affect daily life. Here are some key signs and symptoms to be aware of: ●​ Changes in Mood: Ongoing feelings of sadness, emptiness, or hopelessness are common. However, irritability and frustration can also show as symptoms, especially in children and adolescents. ●​ Changes in Sleep Patterns: Trouble sleeping (insomnia) or sleeping too much (hypersomnia) can be signs of depression. ●​ Changes in Appetite: Significant weight loss or gain due to changes in eating habits can occur. Some people may lose their appetite, while others may overeat due to emotional distress. ●​ Loss of Interest in Activities: No longer enjoying hobbies or activities that used to bring pleasure. ●​ Psychomotor Changes: This can include feeling restless (agitation) or thinking much slower than usual (psychomotor retardation). ●​ Fatigue or Loss of Energy: Feeling drained and struggling to complete everyday tasks is a hallmark symptom. ●​ Difficulty Concentrating or Making Decisions: The ability to focus, think clearly, and make decisions can become impaired. ●​ Feelings of Worthlessness or Guilt: Excessive self-criticism, feelings of worthlessness, and inappropriate guilt are common. ●​ Thoughts of Death or Suicide: Recurrent thoughts of death, suicide ideation, or suicide attempts are serious signs that immediate professional help is needed. Important note: While individuals with MDD may lack the energy to act on suicidal thoughts, they are still at risk. Those with bipolar disorder during a manic or mixed episode may have more energy and impulsivity, making them more likely to attempt suicide. Bipolar Disorder Bipolar disorder is a mental health condition that causes extreme mood swings , affecting energy, activity levels, and overall functioning. The shifts in mood can happen quickly or over a longer period. It can occur over hours, days, weeks, or even seasons. Bipolar disorder usually starts in adolescence or young adulthood, but it can also happen later in life.

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