Human Growth and Development

Mood Episodes

Manic Episodes

Depressive Episodes

Also called the "highs," manic episodes are times a person feels extremely happy, full of energy and very active. These episodes can be disruptive and lead to risky behavior. Symptoms can include: ●​ Euphoria (excessive happiness) or irritability ●​ Inflated self-esteem or grandiosity (thinking they are more important or powerful than they really are) ●​ Increased energy and decreased need for sleep (insomnia) ●​ Racing thoughts and pressured speech (talking a lot and very fast ) ●​ Increased goal-directed activity or psychomotor agitation (restlessness) ●​ Engaging in risky behaviors (e.g., spending sprees, impulsive sexual behavior) ●​ Difficulty concentrating (struggle to focus) ●​ Hallucinations or delusions-seeing or believing things that aren’t real (in severe cases)

The "lows" of bipolar disorder are episodes of major depression. These episodes can make daily life and functioning extremely difficult. Symptoms can include: ●​ Persistent feelings of sadness, hopelessness, or emptiness ●​ Loss of interest or pleasure in activities once enjoyed ●​ Significant changes in appetite or weight (weight loss or gain) ●​ Difficulty sleeping or sleeping too much ●​ Psychomotor agitation or retardation (feeling either slowed down or restless) ●​ Loss of energy or fatigue ●​ Feelings of worthlessness or excessive guilt ●​ Struggle to focus or make decisionsDifficulty concentrating or making decisions ●​ Recurrent thoughts of death or suicide

Types of Bipolar Disorder There are three main types of bipolar disorder, based on how severe and long the mood changes last: ●​ Bipolar I Disorder involves at least one manic episode, often preceded or followed by major depressive episodes. This is the most severe form of bipolar disorder. ●​ Bipolar II Disorder involves at least one hypomanic episode (a milder form of mania) and one major depressive episode. People with bipolar II disorder experience mood swings, but the manic episodes are not as extreme as in bipolar I disorder. ●​ Cyclothymic Disorder causes frequent mood swings, with both hypomanic and depressive symptoms. The mood swings are milder than in bipolar I or II, but they can still be disruptive.

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