Human Growth and Development

Distinguishing Dementia from Depression

Sometimes, depression can be misdiagnosed as dementia in older adults. It is important to distinguish between the two. ●​ Dementia cannot be reversed , while depression can be treated with therapy and medication. ●​ While dementia mostly affects cognitive abilities , depression can also occur in physical symptoms like sleep changes and appetite loss. Neurodevelopmental Disorders These disorders start in childhood and affect the nervous system's functioning, causing difficulties in areas like communication or motor skills. Examples include:

●​ Intellectual disability (formerly mental retardation): Problems with learning and daily activities. ●​ Communication disorders (e.g., stuttering, language delay): Trouble with speech and language.

●​ Autism spectrum disorder (ASD): Affects social skills,communications and behavior. ●​ Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD): Causes difficulty focusing, impulsivity and hyperactivity. ●​ Specific learning disorders (e.g., dyslexia, dysgraphia): Difficulty with reading, writing or math. ●​ Motor disorders (e.g., cerebral palsy): Affect movement and coordination. ●​ Tic disorders (e.g., Tourette's syndrome): Sudden, repeated movements or sounds.

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