Human Growth and Development

Glossary Active Dying - The stage where the body's functions progressively shut down, leading to organ failure. Advance Directive - A legal document stating an individual’s wishes regarding medical treatment in case they become unable to communicate. Affect - Description of a person's immediate emotional state, such as happy, angry, or confused. Ageism - Prejudice and discrimination against older adults that impacts emotional expression and regulation. Algorithmic - A problem-solving approach that follows a precise sequence of steps to ensure a solution. Examples include mathematical formulas and systematic methods used to reach a conclusion. Amygdala - A part of the brain involved in processing emotions, especially fear and anger, as well as processing rewards and pleasurable experiences. Anorexia Nervosa - An eating disorder characterized by restricted food intake, leading to significant weight loss and distorted body image. Arachnophobia - An intense and irrational fear of spiders. Asocial Behavior - A withdrawal from social interaction and lack of interest in forming social connections. Assisted Suicide - A practice where a person aids another in ending their life, often by providing means or knowledge for self-administration.

Attachment - An infant's way of seeking interaction with specific individuals, such as parents or caregivers. Attention - A cognitive process that allows individuals to focus on specific information while ignoring distractions, essential for effective learning and interaction. Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) - A neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by social communication deficits and repetitive patterns of behavior. Authoritarian Parents - Parents who enforce strict rules with little warmth or open communication, often resulting in obedience but potentially hindering independence. Authoritative Parents - Parents who set clear limits, encourage open communication, and are warm and nurturing. Availability Heuristic - A mental shortcut where individuals assess the likelihood of events based on how readily examples come to mind, often influenced by recent or vivid experiences. Axons - Neural fibers that carry messages away from one neuron to another, playing a key role in the nervous system's communication process. Babinski Reflex - A reflex in newborns where the toes fan out when the sole of the foot is stroked, typically disappearing by 1-2 years of age. Bargaining - A stage in the grief process where individuals attempt to negotiate or trade something in hopes of reversing the loss.

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