Human Growth and Development

Here’s some of the decline in various body systems as we age.

Topic

Details

Sleep Patterns

Less sound sleep despite unchanged sleep needs. REM sleep remains constant.

Vision

80% of elderly need corrective eyewear, and 10% have eye conditions. These include Senile Macular Degeneration , affecting 1 in 6 people over 65, and Presbyopia , a common age-related vision problem. 1/3 of elderly experience hearing problems but often avoid treatment. Presbycusis is gradual hearing loss, particularly for high frequencies. Hearing aids are available but often stigmatized.

Hearing

Other System Changes

Heart: Slower beating. Lungs: Reduced elasticity and capacity.

Sexual Response: Studies show there's no biological reason to stop sexual activity in late adulthood. While many older adults maintain a healthy sex life, some may experience a decline. About 70% continue sexual activity in late adulthood. Digestive System: Slower absorption, necessitating lifestyle adjustments.

Nutritional Influences Proper nutrition is essential for infant growth, as babies double their birth weight within the first few months. Before 6 months, infants rely on breast milk or formula, with breast milk being preferred due to its vitamins, minerals, and antibodies that support immune health. Breastfeeding duration varies by culture. The World Health Organization (WHO) recommends weaning around 4.5 years, while in the U.S., weaning typically occurs around 6 months . As children grow and lose baby fat, proper nutrition remains essential for physical development. Iron is particularly important, as iron deficiency anemia is common. Contributing factors include picky eating, lack of parental knowledge, older parental age, and socioeconomic disparities. Macronutrient Malnutrition

Macronutrient malnutrition occurs when infants do not receive enough calories for healthy growth.

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