Human Growth and Development

Severe cases can lead to:

●​ Marasmus: Extreme caloric deficiency , causing infants to weigh only 60% of their recommended weight. This condition severely affects growth and increases the risk of death. ●​ Kwashiorkor: Severe protein deficiency that can damage the nervous system. It is a major cause of infant mortality, even in developed countries. While protein malnutrition is less common, micronutrient deficiencies —especially in iron and calcium —are frequent concerns in infants. Elderly individuals need more nutrients and fewer calories, with increased water intake due to less efficient cell hydration. D. Regulatory Systems The development of the brain and nervous system is a critical aspect of human growth, involving complex regulatory processes that guide physical and cognitive maturation throughout life. These systems regulate essential functions and adapt to environmental changes as a person grows. The Brain By approximately 25 days into embryonic development, a distinct neural tube emerges, which will eventually develop into the spinal cord and brain . This neural tube differentiates into the hindbrain , midbrain , and forebrain , which will become the major regions of the mature brain.

Hindbrain

Midbrain

Forebrain

Associated with basic life functions such as breathing and heart rate.

Plays a role in sensory processing and motor control.

Responsible for higher cognitive functions, including thinking, reasoning, and emotional responses.

The brain is divided into four main lobes , each responsible for different functions. Damage to any of these lobes can result in a variety of cognitive, sensory, and motor impairments:

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