Introduction to Philosophy

Achieve Test Prep: Philosophy

Chapter One Definitions Aesthetics

The study of beauty, art, and taste.

A form of thinking in which certain statements (reasons) are offered in support of another statement (a conclusion). A form of inductive argument in which one event is claimed to be the result of the occurrence of another event. A statement that explains, asserts, or predicts on the basis of statements (known as reasons or premises) that are offered as evidence for it. An argument form in which one reasons from premises that are known or assumed to be true to a conclusion that follows necessarily from these premises. A form inductive reasoning in which a general statement is made about an entire group (the target population) based on observing some members of the group (the sample population). Unsound arguments that are often persuasive because they usually appeal to our emotions and prejudices and because they often support conclusions that we want to believe are accurate. A conclusion can be assumed true based off of the strength of its premise which was either known or assumed to be true. The conclusion is supported by the premise by it does not follow from them. An argument in which the reasons do not support the conclusion so that the conclusion does not follow from the reasons offered. The study of the construction of knowledge. The study of moral values and principles.

Argument

Causal reasoning

Conclusion

Deductive argument

Empirical generalization

Epistemology

Ethics

Fallacies

Inductive argument

Invalid argument

Logic and critical thinking

The study of correct reasoning, clear understanding, and valid arguments.

Metaphysics

The study of the ultimate characteristics of reality or existence.

Political and social philosophy

The study of social values and political forms of government.

Statements used to support, justify, or increase the probability of truthfulness of another statement (known as a conclusion).

Reasons or premises

Sound argument

An argument that has both true reasons and a valid structure.

Syllogism

An argument form that consists of two premises (major and minor) that

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