N109: Foundations in Nursing Practice

N109: Foundations in Nursing Practice Study Guide

Gilligan's Moral Development Pre-conventional level: In this level, the focus is on women caring for their own needs. They do not feel connected to others. Fowler’s Spiritual Development Synthetic-conventional faith: In this stage, authority is located outside the self and is enforced more in the church leaders, in the government, or in the social group. The person is not fully conscious of having chosen to believe something and beliefs are not the result of analysis. Most people in this stage see themselves as believing what “everybody else” believes. Many adults stop their spiritual development in this stage. 1.7 Young Adulthood: 18 to 40 Years Physical Development During this period, all systems function well in a healthy individual. Physical performance and strength peak during this period. Common Health Problems Identified in this Stage Young adults are typically healthy with most health problems related to: • Accidents • Suicide • Drug and alcohol abuse • Sexually transmitted diseases • Violence • Beginning to see some incidence of chronic diseases, such as hypertension and cancer Havighurst’s Developmental Tasks During this period, the developmental tasks include selecting and learning to live with a partner, starting a family, raising children, becoming established in an occupation, managing a home, and being involved in social and civic groups. Erikson’s Psychosocial Development Expected outcome: Intimacy vs. isolation In the initial stage of being an adult, the individual seeks one or more companions and love. As one tries to find mutually satisfying relationships, primarily through marriage and friends, they may also begin to start a family. If negotiation of this stage is successful, one can experience intimacy on a deep level. If they are not successful, isolation and distance from others mayoccur. In this stage, significant relationships are with life partners and friends. Since individuals at this age usually have little exposure to poor health, they may be unwilling to accept the fact of illness in themselves. This denial might block the individual’s willingness to participate in learning activities.

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