Nursing 109

N109: Foundations in Nursing Practice Study Guide

6.4 Factors Influencing Culture and Diversity Influence of the RN It is important for the nurse to remember and be conscious of how any ethnocentrism of one’s own beliefs and any cultural blindness can have a negative impact on patient care. The nurse should not stereotype patients based on any one factor, but should assess each unique patient. It is good to have a general understanding of typical cultures and beliefs of groups of people, but to keep in mind that each patient is an individual and the nurse should treat each patient in a culturally competent manner. Genetics The nurse must be aware of the cultural differences that may lead a group to be susceptible to certain disorders or diseases. For example, African Americans typically require higher doses of blood pressure medications to control hypertension. On the other hand, an Asian may require much lower doses of these same medications. Gender-Specific Issues In order to provide culturally competent care, the nurse must understand that roles of each gender will vary across cultures. In Latino, Arab Americans, Hispanic, Muslim, and many fundamental Christian cultures, the dominant member of the family is typically the man. As such, he will be the individual making decisions for his wife and children. In matriarchal families, the woman is seen as the leader of the family. This is typically seen in African American and European American families. It is critical that the nurse understand and respect these differences as the leader of the family must be included in all healthcare decisions. Language and Communication Different cultures may have different languages and different meanings associated with words. Using a translator may be an effective way to overcome language differences. However, the nurse must be aware of her facial expressions and body language, and the body language of the patient. In many cultures, the interpreter will be better received if the gender is the same as the patient’s. It is also helpful to know what non-verbal behaviors might be considered offensive. For example, in some cultures, making eye contact with a stranger is considered rude. Understanding the cultural differences in these non-verbal cues will help the nurse provide culturally competent care. Socioeconomic Factors Socioeconomic status may be related to culture and will likely be related to poor health. Poverty can lead to lack of healthcare and poor nutrition, which in turn, can lead to poor health. For example, a recent immigrant living in crowded housing and without a job may delay seeking healthcare. Clean water and air, ample living space, and easy access to healthcare may have cultural components that must be acknowledged. Age-Related Perspectives The nurse must understand how each culture views age. In many cultures, the elderly are venerated and must be included in all healthcare decisions. In those cultures, the incidence of elder abuse is low. In some cultures where the elderly are not as respected, the nurse should be aware of an increase in

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