Human Growth and Development

kicking their legs to crawling. Developmental patterns may vary between individuals, and other principles may also describe motor development. 4.​ B: The root reflex is a reflexive behavior in infants where a baby turns their head toward a touch on their cheek and begins sucking, often seen in combination with the suck reflex. 5.​ D: Marasmus and kwashiorkor are diseases caused by severe malnutrition , characterized by muscle wasting and stunted growth. Both conditions can lead to changes in hair and cognitive development, with these changes being more pronounced in kwashiorkor patients. This explanation highlights the general characteristics of these conditions, but individual cases may differ. 6.​ E: Dendrites are parts of a neuron that receive signals from other cells, playing a key role in neural communication. 7.​ A: Testosterone is a hormone critical to physical development, influencing characteristics such as body hair growth and sperm production. While testosterone is essential to certain biological functions, its role may differ depending on individual factors such as age, sex, and health. 8.​ A: Dishabituation refers to the reappearance of a response that had become diminished through habituation when a new stimulus is introduced. It occurs when the previously repeated stimulus is removed and then reintroduced. 9.​ C: Intermodal perception refers to an infant’s growing ability to interpret and connect information from multiple sensory experiences as they mature. This process begins in infancy and improves over time. Note that sensory development can vary among children, and not all infants may follow the same timeline for developing intermodal perception. 10.​ C: Sensory deprivation in early childhood has been associated with challenges later in life , including attention deficits, aggression, depression, and difficulties with sensory integration. This association is based on some research findings. Individual outcomes may vary, and other factors may also contribute to developmental challenges. Chapter 3: Cognitive and Social Domains 1.​ C: Information-processing theorists suggest that the increase in cognitive abilities seen in older children is due to an improvement in processing speed . This allows them to handle more mental tasks at once in their working memory. Researchers also examine changes in processing speed in aging adults. Note that different cognitive development theories may emphasize various aspects of how thinking evolves over time. 2.​ E: The children are participating in associative play because although they talk and share tools while playing, they do not share a common goal or purpose in their activities. 3.​ B: Athletes and surgeons rely on physical skills when performing tasks, showcasing what is referred to as bodily and kinesthetic intelligence . For example, an athlete demonstrates this

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