Introduction to Philosophy

Achieve Test Prep: Philosophy

Applying Kant’s Theories ................................................................................................................................................. 62 Jaggar: Emotions Shape Our Understanding................................................................................................................. 62 Making Connections: Developing Informed Beliefs .................................................................................................... 63 Chapter Six Review Questions......................................................................................................................................... 64 Chapter Seven: Thinking Philosophically about Religious Beliefs.................................................................................. 66 Introduction ........................................................................................................................................................................ 66 What is Religion? ................................................................................................................................................................ 67 Feuerbach: God is a Human Projection ......................................................................................................................... 67 Nishitani: Religion is a Vital Quest.................................................................................................................................. 68 A Brief Survey of World Religions .................................................................................................................................. 69 Indigenous Sacred Ways.................................................................................................................................................... 73 Can We Prove the Existence of God? ............................................................................................................................ 74 The Problem of Evil .......................................................................................................................................................... 76 John Hick: Philosophy of Religion.................................................................................................................................. 77 A Critique of Hick’s Theodicy ......................................................................................................................................... 77 Faith and Religious Experience........................................................................................................................................ 78 Pascal: Religious Faith as a Wager ................................................................................................................................... 78 Clifford: Religious Beliefs Require Sufficient Evidence............................................................................................... 78 James: Religious Belief is Legitimate and Compelling.................................................................................................. 79 Subjective Knowing: The Leap of Faith......................................................................................................................... 80 Chapter Seven Review Questions.................................................................................................................................... 80 Chapter Eight: Are There Moral Truths?............................................................................................................................ 82 Ethics and Values ............................................................................................................................................................... 82 Thinking Critically About Ethics ..................................................................................................................................... 82 Ethical Relativism............................................................................................................................................................... 83 Cultural Relativism: Each Culture Determines what is Morally Right ...................................................................... 84 Ethical Absolutism: Some Moral Values are Universal................................................................................................ 84 Egoism as a Universal Principle....................................................................................................................................... 85 Arguments for Egoism...................................................................................................................................................... 86 Arguments against Egoism ............................................................................................................................................... 87 Religion and Universal Values.......................................................................................................................................... 88 Divine Command Theory................................................................................................................................................. 88 Natural Law Theory........................................................................................................................................................... 88 Chapter Eight Review Questions .................................................................................................................................... 90

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